Miedos y ansiedades en los niños y adolescentes

by MLOWEB
on noviembre 4, 2017

Las respuestas de ansiedad forman parte también del niño y del adolescente, y cumplen una función adaptativa, al igual que en los adultos, de respuesta ante el peligro, e incluyen una activación fisiológica que regula el organismo para que podamos afrontarlo de manera adecuada.

 Existen algunos miedos innatos cuya función es proteger a los niños y adolescentes de los diferentes peligros, que son: miedo a los estímulos intensos (ruidos, dolores, golpes…), miedo a lo desconocido, miedo a la ausencia de estímulos (oscuridad, ausencia de interacción), miedos evolutivos (alturas, separación, serpientes), miedo a los extraños…

Según la etapa evolutiva existen miedos que van apareciendo, y que luego, con la madurez y la adquisición de estrategias de afrontamiento, van desapareciendo: miedos a estímulos intensos y extraños (0-1 año), miedo a animales y tormentas (2-4 años), miedo a la oscuridad, brujas y fantasmas, seres fantásticos, catástrofes, separación de los padres, miedo al abandono (4-6 años), miedo a accidentes y enfermedades, mal rendimiento escolar, malas relaciones con los padres (9-12 años), miedo a las relaciones interpersonales y a la pérdida de autoestima (12-18 años).

El problema es cuando esos miedos y ansiedades aparecen fuera de su etapa evolutiva o adquieren tal intensidad que ya no resultan adaptativos, sino todo lo contrario, desregulan y bloquean la capacidad de acción y afrontamiento, y producen síntomas tales como: pérdida de apetito o de sueño, dolores de cabeza, nauseas y vómitos, dolores abdominales, diarreas, miedo a separarse de los padres (con conductas de evitación como no querer ir a dormir a casas de amigos, o no querer ir al colegio, campamentos, etc.), aumento de miedo a los ruidos y a la oscuridad, miedo a hacer el ridículo con los compañeros, conductas regresivas como volver a hacerse pis en la cama, pesadillas o terrores nocturnos, etc.

Hemos de tener en cuenta como padres, que ellos, a pesar de su corta edad, también se ven sometidos en su día a día a rutinas, imposición de hábitos y tareas, exigencias, etc, ante las cuales se pueden sentir más o menos saturados, según sea su forma de ser y el entorno que les rodee.

Es por ello que debemos estar atentos a las posibles señales y comunicarnos con ellos, y prestarles la atención debida, y en caso de que nos veamos sobrepasados por la intensidad y no sepamos qué hacer ni cómo ayudarles, no dudar en buscar la ayuda de un profesional que nos dará las pautas a seguir y les ayudará a ellos a recuperar su bienestar.

En consulta comprobamos con niños y adolescentes una vez más, lo bien que trabajan y que responden a lo que les vamos aportando para poner en marcha sus recursos, y lo gratificante que resulta para los padres, y por supuesto para nosotros, la superación del problema y la vuelta a una normalidad sana.

Categories:

AdolescenciaInfancia

Tags:

AdolescenciaAnsiedadMiedoNiñosPrevenciónPsicoterapiaSeñales

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